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PANTHER Family Information   
Family: TUBULIN (PTHR11588)
Subfamilies: 10
PANTHER Links:
Tree  Multiple Sequence Alignment
Tree  MSA
Abstract:

Microtubules are polymers of tubulin, a dimer of two 55-kDa subunits, designated alpha and beta [PMID:3896122, PMID:2194680]. Within the microtubule lattice, alpha-beta heterodimers associate in a head-to-tail fashion, giving rise to microtubule polarity. Fluorescent labelling studies have suggested that tubulin is oriented in microtubules with beta-tubulin toward the plus end [PMID:8102497].

For maximal rate and extent of polymerisation into microtubules, tubulin requires GTP. Two molecules of GTP are bound at different sites, termed N and E. At the E (Exchangeable) site, GTP is hydrolysed during incorporation into the microtubule. Close to the E site is an invariant region rich in glycine residues, which is found in both chains and is thought to control access of the nucleotide to its binding site [PMID:3680207].

Most species, excepting simple eukaryotes, express a variety of closely- related alpha- and beta-isotypes. A third family member, gamma tubulin, has also been identified in a number of species. Gamma tubulin is found at microtubule-organising centres, such as the spindle poles or the centrosome, suggesting that it is involved in minus-end nucleation of microtubule assembly [PMID:8274140].


InterPro Accession: IPR000217
PANTHER Molecular Function: Molecular function unclassified

PANTHER Biological Process: Biological process unclassified

Pathway Categories: No pathway information available
Training Sequences: 305
HMM Length 315
Downloads: HMM (HMMER format)

Genes assigned to this Family
  Total Celera FlyBase NCBI
H. sapiens 86 56 0 30
M. musculus 82 54 0 28
R. norvegicus 53 28 0 25
D. melanogaster 12 0 12 0
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